Protection of biosphere from chemical hazards

লিখেছেন লিখেছেন মাটির মানুষ ০৩ জুন, ২০১৩, ০৪:১৭:৫৫ বিকাল

Protection of biosphere from chemical hazards

Biosphere is the earth shell whose structure and energy condition are because of past and present activities of living organisms. The protection of air, water, soil, land will help to maintain the biosphere in equilibrium which is affected by the vital activities of the mankind. The solution of this global problem requires a scientific approach and general trend in the protection of the biosphere is the setting up of a waste tree technology of cyclic production systems.

Protection of the atmosphere is very important in many aspects. The main part of the ozone is formed in the atmosphere awing to the energy of hard UV radiation with a short wavelength. The protective ozone layer under grows decomposition under the action of methane halides , , and nitrogen oxides . all this substance escape in the , the use of N containing salts etc. penetrating solar radiation leads to the synthesis of various harmful compounds over the surface of the earth .for example , singlet oxygen causes skin cancer. Benzopyrene and other polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons formed as a result of incomplete combustion of various organic substances are strong carcinogenic substance.

The combustion of motor fuels also introduces lead compounds into the atmosphere. They first cumulate in plants and then enter human and animal organisms. The discharge by are concentration plants of aerosol containing toxic metals such as As, Pb, Hg and Mn leads to ground water poisoning. Enormous amounts of the flue gases of power plants metallurgical and sulphuric acids units contain which not only corrodes metal structure, but can also cause serious diseases in humans. Perishing of animals and gran plants.

The percentage of discharged into the atmosphere is constantly increasing day by day because of the operation of power installations and internal combustion engines, while the amount of grain biomass utilizing the is simultaneously decreasing. All this undoubtedly leads to global warming and the disturbance of balance in the atmosphere.

The problem of protecting the environment from pollution and contamination by various types of discharge is now in the focus of attention all over the world. With the development of industry and transportation and also with the growth In the assortment of chemical , there is a continuous increase in pollution of the biosphere by industrial and other effluents. At present hundreds of millions microorganisms are discharged into the atmosphere. The volume of these discharged substances in the atmosphere is continuously increasing day by day with industrial growth. In the last decade, the volume has double on tripled and in a number of large industrial cities and centers the concentration of harmful impurities has crossed permiscible levels which are dangerous for health and plant life.

The chemical industry bears significant responsibility for contamination of both the atmosphere and aquasphere. A characteristic feature of the discharges of the chemical industry is the great variety of toxic substances such as Cl, Co, Hg, phenol, DDT and many other metals and organic compounds. A number on these toxic and hazardous substances are discharged by chemical plants in very large amounts. Such as nitrogen oxides, Cl, HCl, etc.

It is therefore well evident that protection of the biosphere from chemical hazards is extremely important. The main efforts from protecting the biosphere must include

a) Adequate decontamination of the flue gases of metallurgical, power, chemical, petrochemical and other units.

b) Setting up of fundamentally new technological process, e.g. based on radioactive transformation.

c) Use of other sources of energy insisted of fossil fuels such as petroleum, coal, gas and peat. H and Methanol are ideal fuels.

d) Conservation of internal combustion engines to systems with autonomous electric motors.

It therefore follows that we should go to new ways of production with less harmful wastes and provides purification facilities as a temporary measure. Taking these factors into consideration it is necessary to develop ideal, more efficient ways of purification of switch over new technology for production.

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